User manual CASIO FX991ES PLUS

[. . . ] E fx-115ES fx-991ES User's Guide http://world. casio. com/edu/ RCA502160-001V01 CASIO Europe GmbH Bornbarch 10, 22848 Norderstedt, Germany About this Manual · The MATH mark indicates an example that uses Math format, while the LINE mark indicates Linear format. For details about input/output formats, see "Specifying the Input/Output Format". · Keycap markings indicate what a key inputs or what function it performs. · Pressing the 1 or S key followed by a second key performs the alternate function of the second key. [. . . ] d/dx( f(x), a, tol ) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as constants. ) a: Input a value to specify the point for which the derivative should be obtained (differential point) tol: Tolerance range (input/output format: Linear) · You can omit specification of the tolerance range. · (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or tol. · Differential calculations can be performed in the COMP Mode only. · When performing a differential calculation involving trigonometric functions, specify Rad as the calculator's default angle unit. · A "Time Out" error occurs when a differential calculation ends without the ending condition being fulfilled. · A smaller tol value provides better precision, but it also causes the calculation to take more time. · Inaccurate results and errors can be caused by the following : - discontinuous points in x values - extreme changes in x values - inclusion of the local maximum point and local minimum point in x values - inclusion of the inflection point in x values - inclusion of undifferentiable points in x values - differential calculation results approaching zero · Pressing A will interrupt an ongoing differential calculation. Appendix <#033> Determine f '( ) when f(x) = sin(x) 2 (tol specification omitted. ) d <#034> (3x2 ­ 5x + 2, 2, 1×10­12) = 7 dx E-36 With (, you can obtain the sum of an input f(x) expression for a specific range. calculations are performed using the following formula. k Calculations ( f(x), a, b) = f(a) + f(a + 1) + . . . . + f(b) f(x): Function of X (All non-X variables are treated as a: b: constants. ) Calculation range start point Calculation range end point · a and b are integers in the range of ­1 × 10 10 < a < b < 1 × 1010. · (, d/dx(, Pol(, Rec(, and ( cannot be used within f(x), a, or b. Appendix <#035> (X + 1, 1, 5) = 20 k Rectangular-Polar Coordinate Conversion Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Polar Coordinates (Pol) · Coordinate conversion can be performed in the COMP, STAT, MATRIX, and VECTOR calculation modes. Converting to Polar Coordinates (Pol) Pol(X, Y) X: Specifies the rectangular coordinate X value Y: Specifies the rectangular coordinate Y value · Calculation result is displayed in the range of ­180° < < 180°. · Calculation result is displayed using the calculator's default angle unit. · Calculation result r is assigned to variable X, while is assigned to Y. Converting to Rectangular Coordinates (Rec) Rec(r, ) r : Specifies r value of polar coordinate : Specifies value of polar coordinate · Input value is treated as an angle value, in accordance with the calculator's default angle unit setting. · Calculation result x is assigned to variable X, while y is assigned to Y. E-37 · If you perform coordinate conversion inside of an expression instead of a stand-alone operation, the calculation is performed using only the first value (either the r-value or the X-value) produced by the conversion. Example: Pol (' ' + 5 = 2 + 5 = 7 2, 2) Appendix <#036> to <#037> k Other Functions This section explains how to use the functions shown below. !, Abs(, Ran#, nPr, nCr, Rnd( · These functions can be used in the same modes as the trigonometric functions. In addition, the Abs( and Rnd( functions can be used in complex number calculations in the CMPLX Mode. Factorial (!) This function obtains the factorials of a value that is zero or a positive integer. = 40320 Absolute Value Calculation (Abs) When you are performing a real number calculation, this function simply obtains the absolute value. Appendix <#039> Abs (2 ­ 7) = 5 Random Number (Ran#) This function generates a 3-digit pseudo random number that is less than 1. [. . . ] · The solution variable that you specified is not included in the equation you input. · Action · The equation you input must include an X variable when you do not specify the solution variable. · Specify a variable that is included in the equation you input as the solution variable. Can't Solve Error (SOLVE feature only) · Cause · The calculator could not obtain a solution. · Action · Check for errors in the equation that you input. [. . . ]