User manual CASIO EA-200

[. . . ] EA-200 User's Guide E http://world. casio. com/edu_e/ GUIDELINES LAID DOWN BY FCC RULES FOR USE OF THE UNIT IN THE U. S. A. Please keep your manual and all information handy for future reference. NOTICE This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. [. . . ] The pressure within the container that holds the gas is determined by the number of collisions between the molecules and the walls of the container, and by the velocity of the molecules when they collide with the walls. If pressure remains constant and temperature increases, the gas expands, which reduces the number of molecular impacts with the container walls and negates the increase in molecular velocity. Charles' Law states that the thermal expansion of rarified gas of constant pressure is proportional to the increase in temperature, and is represented by the expression shown below. If the temperature when the volume of gas reaches zero is defined as absolute zero, absolute zero is ­ 273°C. í Assembling the Equipment u Cut a hole into the side of the plastic container, and affix the rubber gasket around the hole on the outside of the container. u Slip the syringe with the rubber tube on its tip into the hole, and pack it with rubber to make it watertight. u Affix the clip to the rubber tube to seal the air inside the syringe. 1 Plastic Container 2 Rubber Gasket 3 Rubber Tube 4 Syringe 5 Hole 6 Clip V = V0 (T + 273) 273 V(m3) : Gas Volume V 0(m3) : Gas Volume at 0°C T (°C) : Gas Temperature 1 Absolute Zero í Setting Up u Fill the plastic container with warm water and wait until the air in the syringe stabilizes. 1 Plastic Container 2 Warm Water: 60°C 3 Mixing Stick 4 Temperature Probe (CH1) 5 EA-200 20020601 2-4-2 English Activity: Operating the Equipment í Measuring Data u The water temperature is displayed on the calculator. u Read the volume of the gas using the markings on the syringe and read temperature at that time, which is displayed on the calculator. 1 Temperature Probe 2 Mixing Stick 3 Syringe 4 Warm Water 5 Reading Position Measurement í Calculator Operation u Use the Temperature Measurement Setup to measure the temperature and then display it. u Find the applicable program in the Program Library (P. 2-16-1), input it into your calculator, and then run it. u Add a little of the cold water to the water in the container, and mix. After waiting a few minutes, take readings of the volume and temperature. u Repeat this step until the temperature of the water in the container approaches the temperature of the cold water. 1 Cold Water 2 Mixing Stick u Repeat the above steps, adding ice instead of cold water and taking readings. 1 Ice 2 Mixing Stick u Graph the readings, which produces a graph that is virtually linear. u Substitute two of the values on the graph into the expression, and calculate the temperature where volume becomes zero. V = V1 ­ V0 T + V0 T1 T = ­ V0T1 V1 ­ V0 Other Things To Do 55555555555555555555555 55555 55555 20020601 u See if you can approximate a linear graph where a large number of measured values (plots) pass the point at ­273°C (absolute zero). u Try repeating the above steps with the syringe filled with another type of gas (helium, oxygen, etc. ). 5555555555555555555555 Should the plastic container become too full during the above steps, it is all right to remove some of the water. However, make sure that the syringe remains under the surface of the water. 2-5-1 Polarization of Light This activity investigates the relationship between reflection, refraction, and polarization of light. English Activity: Setup í Equipment Polarizers (2) Thick Paper Wood Penlight Glass Screen Protractor Optical Measurement Setup (EA-200, graphic scientific calculator, data communication cable, optical probe) Theory Light is electromagnetic radiation that has the properties of transverse waves. Sunlight includes transverse waves that oscillate in various directions. A polarizer allows only light vibrating in a specific direction to pass, which means that sunlight coming out the other side is vibrating in that direction. This is called "polarization of light. " Stacking together two polarizers with their polarization directions oriented perpendicular to each other "extinguishes" the light, which means that no light penetrates the second polarizer. The expression below represents the change in the amplitude of light passing through the second polarizer. Since light quantity changes in proportion to the square of its amplitude, the light passing through the second polarizer is darker than the original light. í Preparing the Polarizers u Cut holes in three sheets of thick paper, and use the protractor to measure and mark angles on one of them. u Mark the polarizing direction on the polarizers, and cut out one as a circle. u Affix the wood frame and blocks to the thick paper, sandwich the polarizer between the two sheets of paper as shown in the illustration. 1 Wood Frame 2 Wood Blocks 3 Thick Paper with Hole Cut Out A' = Acos A' : Amplitude of Light Polarized by Polarizer 2 A : Amplitude of Light Polarized by Polarizer 1 (°) : Angle of Polarization Direction of Two Polarizers Most light is polarized when it is reflected or refracted by the boundary surface of material where electromagnetic fields meet the required boundary conditions. Especially at an angle called "Brewster's angle, " polarization is completely linear, and reflected light and refracted light polarization is orthogonal. The expression shown below defines the conditions that such an angle needs to satisfy. 4 Arrow Indicating Polarizing Direction 5 Removable Polarizer 6 Circular Polarizer 7 Angle Markings í Preparing the Glass Stand u Fix the screen one centimeter above the glass surface that will be struck by the incident light. [. . . ] Doing so reduces the effect of thermal expansion inside each bottle. 5555555555555555555555 2-16-1 English Program Library You can download the programs used in the activities at the CASIO Website: http://world. casio. com/edu_e/ Uniformly Accelerated Motion Conservation of Momentum Period of Pendular Movement Charles' Law * This program cannot be run on an fx-7400 Series calculator. 20020601 2-16-2 English Polarization of Light Natural Ferquency and Sound Column of Air Resonance and the Velocity of Sound Construction of the Musical Scale Light Multi Meter * This program cannot be run on an fx-7400 Series calculator. 20020601 2-16-3 English Direct Current and Transient Phenomena AC Circuit Dilute Solution Properties Exothermic Reaction 20020601 2-16-4 English Electromotive Force of a Battery Sunlight and Solar Cells Topographic Conditions and Climate * Run the following program after sampling is complete. * Run the following program after sampling is complete. 20020601 -1-1 Appendix A Command Tables Command 1 - Channel Setup *: parameter value marked with asterisk are initial defaults. Channel 0 *1 2 3 Clear all channels Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Operation English { 1, Channel, Operation, Post-Processing, FFT Samples } Post-Processing 0 *1 2 10 11 ­­­ None d/dt d/dt, d2/dt2 FFT-Real FFT-Real, Imaginary 1 to 14 (*6) FFT Samples ­­­ ­­­ Samples used 2n (2-16384) 4 SONIC Channel 5 6 DIG IN Port DIG OUT Port 10 11 12 Microphone Analog Out CH 3 1pin ±3Vout Speaker ­­­ 0 Clear the selected channel. *1 Auto-ID 2 Voltage (± 10V) (for Voltage probe) 4 Resistance 5 Period 6 Frequency 7 Temperature (Celsius) 8 Temperature (Fahrenheit) 9 Light 10 Voltage (0-5V) 11 Absolute Time 0 Clear the SONIC channel. [. . . ]